1)urllib2+BeautifulSoup抓取Goolge搜索链接
近期,参与的项目需要对Google搜索结果进行处理,之前学习了Python处理网页相关的工具。实际应用中,使用了urllib2和beautifulsoup来进行网页的抓取,但是在抓取google搜索结果的时候,发现如果是直接对google搜索结果页面的源代码进行处理,会得到很多“脏”链接。
图中红色标记的是不需要的,蓝色标记的是需要抓取处理的。
这种“脏链接”当然可以通过规则过滤的方法来过滤掉,但是这样程序的复杂度就高了。正当自己愁眉苦脸的正在写过滤规则时。同学提醒说google应该提供相关的api,才恍然大明白。
(2)Google Web Search API+多线程
文档中给出使用Python进行搜索的例子:
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import simplejson # The request also includes the userip parameter which provides the end # user's IP address. Doing so will help distinguish this legitimate # server-side traffic from traffic which doesn't come from an end-user. url = ( 'https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web' '?v=1.0&q=Paris%20Hilton&userip=USERS-IP-ADDRESS' ) request = urllib2.Request( url, None , { 'Referer' : / * Enter the URL of your site here * / }) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) # Process the JSON string. results = simplejson.load(response) # now have some fun with the results... import simplejson # The request also includes the userip parameter which provides the end # user's IP address. Doing so will help distinguish this legitimate # server-side traffic from traffic which doesn't come from an end-user. url = ( 'https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web' '?v=1.0&q=Paris%20Hilton&userip=USERS-IP-ADDRESS' ) request = urllib2.Request( url, None , { 'Referer' : / * Enter the URL of your site here * / }) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) # Process the JSON string. results = simplejson.load(response) # now have some fun with the results.. |
实际应用中可能需要抓取google的很多网页,所以还需要使用多线程来分担抓取任务。使用google web search api的参考详细介绍,请看此处(这里介绍了Standard URL Arguments)。另外要特别注意,url中参数rsz必须是8(包括8)以下的值,若大于8,会报错的!
(3)代码实现
代码实现还存在问题,但是能够运行,鲁棒性差,还需要进行改进,希望各路大神指出错误(初学Python),不胜感激。
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#-*-coding:utf-8-*- import urllib2,urllib import simplejson import os, time,threading import common, html_filter #input the keywords keywords = raw_input ( 'Enter the keywords: ' ) #define rnum_perpage, pages rnum_perpage = 8 pages = 8 #定义线程函数 def thread_scratch(url, rnum_perpage, page): url_set = [] try : request = urllib2.Request(url, None , { 'Referer' : 'http://www.sina.com' }) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) # Process the JSON string. results = simplejson.load(response) info = results[ 'responseData' ][ 'results' ] except Exception,e: print 'error occured' print e else : for minfo in info: url_set.append(minfo[ 'url' ]) print minfo[ 'url' ] #处理链接 i = 0 for u in url_set: try : request_url = urllib2.Request(u, None , { 'Referer' : 'http://www.sina.com' }) request_url.add_header( 'User-agent' , 'CSC' ) response_data = urllib2.urlopen(request_url).read() #过滤文件 #content_data = html_filter.filter_tags(response_data) #写入文件 filenum = i + page filename = dir_name + '/related_html_' + str (filenum) print ' write start: related_html_' + str (filenum) f = open (filename, 'w+' , - 1 ) f.write(response_data) #print content_data f.close() print ' write down: related_html_' + str (filenum) except Exception, e: print 'error occured 2' print e i = i + 1 return #创建文件夹 dir_name = 'related_html_' + urllib.quote(keywords) if os.path.exists(dir_name): print 'exists file' common.delete_dir_or_file(dir_name) os.makedirs(dir_name) #抓取网页 print 'start to scratch web pages:' for x in range (pages): print "page:%s" % (x + 1 ) page = x * rnum_perpage url = ( 'https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web' '?v=1.0&q=%s&rsz=%s&start=%s' ) % (urllib.quote(keywords), rnum_perpage,page) print url t = threading.Thread(target = thread_scratch, args = (url,rnum_perpage, page)) t.start() #主线程等待子线程抓取完 main_thread = threading.currentThread() for t in threading. enumerate (): if t is main_thread: continue t.join() |
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